Delaware Lemon Law
Title 6, Subtitle II, Chapter 50, Sections 5001 - 5009
Commerce And Trade
Automobile Warranties
5001 Definitions.
As used in this chapter:
(1) "Consumer" means the purchaser, other than for purposes of
resale, of an automobile; a person to whom an automobile is transferred during the
duration of an express warranty applicable to the automobile; or any other person
entitled by the terms of the warranty to enforce the obligations of the warranty.
(2) "Dealer" means a person actively engaged in the business of
buying, selling or exchanging automobiles at retail and who has an established place of
business.
(3) "Manufacturer" means a person engaged in the business of
manufacturing, assembling or distributing automobiles, who will, under normal business
conditions during the year, manufacture, assemble or distribute to dealers at least 10
new automobiles.
(4) "Manufacturer's express warranty" or "warranty" means
the written warranty of the manufacturer of a new automobile of its condition and
fitness for use, including any terms or conditions precedent to the enforcement of
obligations under that warranty.
(5) "Automobile" means any passenger motor vehicle, except
motorcycles, which is leased or bought in Delaware or registered by the Division of
Motor Vehicles in the Department of Public Safety except the living facilities of motor
homes.
(6) "Nonconformity" means a defect or condition which substantially
impairs the use, value or safety of an automobile.
(7) "Lien" means a security interest in an automobile.
(8) "lien holder" means a person with a security interest in an
automobile pursuant to a lien.
5002 Duty to repair nonconforming automobiles.
If a new automobile does not conform to the manufacturer's express warranty, and the
consumer reports the nonconformity to the manufacturer or its agent or dealer during the
term of the warranty or during the period of 1 year following the date of original
delivery of an automobile to the consumer, whichever is earlier, the manufacturer shall
make, or arrange with its dealer or agent to make, within a reasonable period of time, all
repairs necessary to conform the new automobile to the warranty, notwithstanding that the
repairs or corrections are made after the expiration of the term of the warranty or the
1-year period.
5003 Remedies upon failure to repair.
(a) If the manufacturer, its agent or its authorized dealer does not conform
the automobile to any applicable express warranty by repairing or correcting any
nonconformity after a reasonable number of attempts, the manufacturer shall either
replace the automobile with a comparable new automobile acceptable to the consumer or
repurchase the automobile from the consumer and refund to the consumer the full
purchase, including all credits and allowances for any trade-in vehicle; provided,
however, that the consumer shall have the unqualified right to decline a replacement
automobile and to demand instead a repurchase.
(b) In instances in which an automobile is replaced by a manufacturer under
this section, said manufacturer shall accept return of the automobile and reimburse the
consumer for any incidental costs, including dealer preparation fees, fees for transfer
of registration, sales taxes or other charges or fees incurred by the consumer as a
result of such replacement. In instances in which an automobile which was financed by
the manufacturer or its subsidiary or agent is replaced under this section, said
manufacturer, subsidiary or agent shall not require the consumer to enter into any
refinancing agreement for a replacement automobile which would create any financial
obligations upon such consumer beyond those created by the original financing agreement.
(c) In instances in which a refund is tendered under this section, the
manufacturer shall accept return of the automobile from the consumer and shall reimburse
the consumer for related purchase costs, including sales taxes, registration fees and
dealer preparation fees, less:
(1) A reasonable allowance for the consumer's use of the automobile, not to
exceed the full purchase price of the automobile multiplied by a fraction which
consists of the number of miles driven before the consumer first reported the
nonconformity to the manufacturer, its agent or dealer divided by 100,000 miles; and
(2) A reasonable allowance for damage not attributable to normal wear and
tear, but not to include damage resulting from a nonconformity.
(d) Refunds shall be made to the consumer, and lien holder, if any, as their
interests may appear.
(e) No authorized dealer shall be held liable by the manufacturer for any
refunds or automobile replacements in the absence of evidence indicating that dealership
repairs have been carried out in a manner inconsistent with the manufacturer's
instructions.
5004 Presumptions.
(a) It shall be presumed that a reasonable number of attempts have been
undertaken to conform a new automobile to the manufacturer's express warranty if, within
the warranty term or during the period of 1 year following the date of original delivery
of the motor vehicle to a consumer, whichever is the earlier date:
(1) Substantially the same nonconformity has been subject to repair or
correction 4 or more times by the manufacturer, its agents or its dealers and the
nonconformity continues to exist; or
(2) The automobile is out of service by reason of repair or correction of a
nonconformity by the manufacturer, its agents or its dealers for a cumulative total of
more than 30 calendar days since the original delivery of the motor vehicle to the
consumer. This 30-day limit shall commence with the first day on which the consumer
presents the automobile to the manufacturer, its agent or dealer for service of the
nonconformity and a written document describing the nonconformity is prepared by the
manufacturer, its agent or dealer. The 30-day limit shall be extended only if repairs
cannot be performed due to conditions beyond the control of the manufacturer, its
agents or its dealers, including war, invasion, strike, fire, flood or other natural
disaster.
(b) The presumption provided in this section shall not apply against a
manufacturer unless the manufacturer has received prior direct written notification from
or on behalf of the consumer and has had an opportunity to repair or correct the
nonconformity; provided, however, that if the manufacturer does not directly attempt or
arrange with its dealer or agent to repair or correct the nonconformity, the
manufacturer may not defend a claim by a consumer under this chapter on the ground that
the agent or dealer failed to properly repair or correct the nonconformity or that the
repairs or corrections made by the agent or dealer caused or contributed to the
nonconformity.
5005 Costs and attorney's fees in breach of warranty actions.
In any court action brought under this chapter by a consumer against the manufacturer
of an automobile, or the manufacturer's agent or authorized dealer, based upon the alleged
breach of an express warranty made in connection with the sale of such automobile, the
court, in its discretion, may award to the plaintiff his costs and reasonable attorney's
fees or, if the court determines that the action is brought in bad faith or is frivolous
in nature, may award reasonable attorney's fees to the defendant.
5006 Affirmative defense to claim.
It shall be an affirmative defense to a claim under this chapter that the alleged
nonconformity does not substantially impair the use, value or safety of the new automobile
or that the nonconformity is the result of abuse or neglect or of unauthorized
modifications or alterations of the new automobile by anyone other than the manufacturer,
its agent or dealer.
5007 Informal dispute settlement procedure.
(a) If a manufacturer has established an informal settlement procedure that
has a certificate of approval by the Division of Consumer Protection, the remedies
provided by this chapter shall not be available to any consumer who has not first
resorted to such procedure.In the event a manufacturer's informal dispute settlement
procedure does not have a certificate of approval from the Division of Consumer
Protection, a consumer may immediately and directly seek the remedies provided by this
chapter.
(b) The Division of Consumer Protection shall annually evaluate the operation
of informal dispute settlement procedures established by manufacturers and shall issue
an annual certificate of approval to those manufacturers whose procedures comply with
Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 703 and with subsections (c), (d) and (e) of
this section. The Division of Consumer Protection shall suspend the certification of, or
decertify, any informal dispute settlement which no longer complies with said
provisions.
(c) Any manufacturer who has established an informal settlement procedure
shall file with the Division of Consumer Protection a copy of each decision of the
informal dispute settlement procedure within 30 days after the decision is rendered.
(d) In order to obtain the certification of the Division of Consumer
Protection, a manufacturer's informal dispute settlement procedure shall not convene any
informal dispute settlement hearing or meeting outside the State and shall refrain from
any practices which:
(1) Delay a decision in any dispute beyond 65 days after the date on which
the consumer initially resorts to the informal dispute settlement procedure by written
notification that a dispute exists; or
(2) Delay performance of remedies awarded in a settlement beyond 30 days
after receipt of notice of the consumer's acceptance of the decision; provided,
however, that such time limits shall not include periods of time when the consumer or
the consumer's car is unavailable for the remedies specified in the settlement; or
(3) Require the consumer to make the automobile available more than once for
inspection by a manufacturer's representative or more than once for repair of the same
nonconformity; or
(4) Fail to consider in decisions any remedies provided by this chapter,
such remedies to include:
a. Repair, replacement and refund;
b. Reimbursement for related purchase costs; or
(5) Require the consumer to take any action or assume any obligation not
specifically authorized under the provisions of Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations,
Part 703.
(e) A manufacturer desiring annual certification of an informal dispute
settlement procedure shall make application to the Division of Consumer Protection on
forms developed by, and shall provide such information as required by, the Division of
Consumer Protection.
5008 Remedies cumulative.
Nothing in this chapter shall in any way limit the rights or remedies available to a
consumer under Subtitle I of this title.
5009 Enforcement.
In addition to any remedies the consumer may have at law or in equity, a violation of
this chapter shall be an unlawful practice as defined in 2513 of this title. The Division
of Consumer Protection shall promulgate rules and regulations in order to implement the
purposes of this chapter.